Federal districtsFY2018–FY2025
District of Massachusetts
D. Mass. · First Circuit · Massachusetts · other districts in Massachusetts
The datafile contains cases reported to the Commission with sentencing documents. Sentence length statistics use the Commission's capped variable (sentences of 470 months or longer, including life, are recorded as 470 months) and exclude sentences of probation or a fine only. Figures are aggregates of past cases and are not a prediction for any case.
§ 1Length of prison terms
Half of the district's prison terms fell between 11 and 64 months (interquartile range); the mean is 50 months. 19 cases were recorded at 470 months, the Commission's value for life and for terms of 470 months or more.
§ 2Summary
Across 8 fiscal years (FY2018–FY2025), courts in the District of Massachusetts sentenced 3,846 cases that appear in the Commission's datafiles, 0.7% of all federal cases; FY2025 alone accounts for 558.
The largest primary offence types are drug trafficking (37%), fraud/theft/embezzlement (17%) and immigration (10%).
The median prison term across all offence types was 30 months (2 yr 6 mo), longer than the national median of 24 months and shorter than the First Circuit median of 45. 93% of cases carried a prison term; the rest were probation, alternatives or a fine only.
29% of sentences fell within the guideline range (nationally 47%), 33% were below the range on a government motion, 36% were below the range for other reasons and 3% were above the range. Medians and shares describe past cases in aggregate; they are not an estimate for any case.
Caseload in FY2025 was about the same as in FY2018. The median prison term was about the same in FY2025 as in FY2018.
§ 3Position relative to the guideline range
Within guideline range 29%Above range 3%Below range, government sponsored 33%Below range, other 36%Not determinable <10
Shares exclude cases whose range status the Commission records as missing or indeterminable. "Government sponsored" covers §5K1.1 substantial-assistance motions, §5K3.1 early-disposition programmes and other departures or variances the government requested.
§ 4Compared with the First Circuit and the nation
| Measure | D. Mass. | 1st Cir. | All districts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cases per fiscal year | 481 | 1,874 | 65,553 |
| Share of national caseload | 0.7% | 2.9% | 100% |
| Median prison months | 30 | 45 | 24 |
| Mean prison months | 50 | 59 | 51 |
| Cases with a prison term | 93% | 90% | 92% |
| Within guideline range | 29% | 40% | 47% |
| Above range | 3% | 5% | 3% |
| Below range, government sponsored | 33% | 31% | 29% |
| Below range, other | 36% | 24% | 21% |
| Median final offence level | 21 | 21 | 17 |
| Criminal history category I | 57% | 61% | 46% |
Medians are of cases with a prison term. Differences between districts largely reflect the mix of offence types and statutory minimums; the offence pages below compare like with like.
§ 5Offence mix
| Primary offence type | Cases | Share | Median months | Within range | Below, gov. | Below, other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug Trafficking | 1,423 | 37.0% | 44 | 25% | 36% | 37% |
| Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement | 660 | 17.2% | 15 | 30% | 33% | 33% |
| Immigration | 364 | 9.5% | 7 | 52% | 18% | 28% |
| Firearms | 349 | 9.1% | 37 | 36% | 26% | 33% |
| Money Launder | 230 | 6.0% | 40 | 13% | 40% | 46% |
| Tax | 123 | 3.2% | 12 | 12% | 31% | 57% |
| Child Pornography | 120 | 3.1% | 84 | 26% | 43% | 28% |
| Robbery | 90 | 2.3% | 70 | 30% | 31% | 38% |
| Sex Abuse | 77 | 2.0% | 192 | 16% | 49% | 33% |
| Extortion/Racketeering | 60 | 1.6% | 21 | — | 32% | 48% |
| Assault | 59 | 1.5% | 77 | 20% | 44% | 25% |
| Murder | 46 | 1.2% | 252 | 46% | 44% | — |
| Bribery/Corruption | 39 | 1.0% | 12 | — | 51% | 36% |
| Stalking/Harassing | 36 | 0.9% | 21 | 28% | 39% | — |
| Administration of Justice | 31 | 0.8% | 4 | — | 36% | 39% |
| Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses | 29 | 0.8% | 19 | 38% | — | 52% |
| Food and Drug | 22 | 0.6% | 20 | — | — | — |
| Kidnapping | 22 | 0.6% | 126 | — | 50% | — |
| Other | 11 | 0.3% | — | — | — | 0% |
| 9 other offence types, pooled | 55 | 1.4% | fewer than 10 cases each | |||
Linked offence types have a district page (at least 30 cases in 2021–2025); others link to the national offence page. Offence types with fewer than 10 cases are pooled.
§ 6Trend by fiscal year
| Fiscal year | Cases | Prison | Median months | Within range | Below, gov. | Below, other | Above |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2018 | 529 | 93% | 30 | 32% | 28% | 39% | 2% |
| FY2019 | 476 | 91% | 24 | 37% | 21% | 39% | 3% |
| FY2020 | 387 | 94% | 24 | 38% | 22% | 37% | 4% |
| FY2021 | 422 | 94% | 30 | 27% | 31% | 41% | — |
| FY2022 | 466 | 92% | 33 | 26% | 35% | 36% | 3% |
| FY2023 | 477 | 94% | 40 | 20% | 47% | 31% | — |
| FY2024 | 531 | 93% | 36 | 23% | 41% | 34% | 2% |
| FY2025 | 558 | 95% | 30 | 29% | 40% | 28% | 3% |
Each fiscal year links to a table of the district's offence types for that year.
§ 7Criminal history and type of sentence
Criminal history category
Share of cases at each final criminal history category (I is the lowest); grey figure: national share.
Type of sentence
The Commission's sentence-type classification; grey figure: national share.
§ 8Most common primary guidelines
| Guideline | Subject | Cases | Median months | Within range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| §2D1.1 | Unlawful manufacturing, importing, exporting, trafficking or possession with intent (drugs) | 1,394 | 45 | 25% |
| §2B1.1 | Larceny, embezzlement, theft, fraud and deceit | 639 | 17 | 30% |
| §2K2.1 | Unlawful receipt, possession or transportation of firearms or ammunition | 345 | 37 | 36% |
| §2L1.2 | Unlawfully entering or remaining in the United States | 231 | 9 | 48% |
| §2S1.1 | Laundering of monetary instruments | 213 | 42 | 12% |
| §2G2.2 | Trafficking in material involving the sexual exploitation of a minor (child pornography) | 119 | 84 | 25% |
| §2B3.1 | Robbery | 90 | 70 | 30% |
| §2T1.1 | Tax evasion; fraudulent or false returns | 75 | 6 | — |
| §2L2.2 | Fraudulently acquiring documents relating to naturalization or citizenship | 46 | 13 | 54% |
| §2G2.1 | Sexually exploiting a minor by production of sexual material | 44 | 240 | — |
| §2E1.1 | Unlawful conduct relating to racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations | 39 | 21 | — |
| §2A1.1 | First degree murder | 35 | 300 | 46% |
§ 9Questions and answers
What is the median federal sentence in the District of Massachusetts?
30 months (2 yr 6 mo) across all offence types and 8 fiscal years (FY2018–FY2025), counting only cases with a prison term (93% of cases). The national median over the same period is 24 months. Medians differ by offence type far more than by district: for drug trafficking, the district's largest category, the median is 44 months.
How often are sentences below the guideline range in the District of Massachusetts?
Over FY2018–FY2025, 33% of sentences were below the guideline range at the government's request (substantial assistance, early disposition or another government-sponsored reason) and 36% were below the range for other reasons. 29% were within the range and 3% above it. Nationally the within-range share is 47%.
How does the District of Massachusetts compare with the First Circuit and the nation?
Median prison term: 30 months here, 45 in the First Circuit, 24 nationally. Within-range share: 29%, 40% and 47%. The mix of offence types drives much of the difference; the district × offence pages compare like with like.
How has sentencing in the District of Massachusetts changed over time?
Caseload in FY2025 was about the same as in FY2018. The median prison term was about the same in FY2025 as in FY2018. The within-range share fell from 32% in FY2018 to 29% in FY2025.
Where do these figures come from?
The US Sentencing Commission's individual offender datafiles for FY2018–FY2025, one file per fiscal year, aggregated by district. Cases are those reported to the Commission with sentencing documents; counts under 10 are hidden. Nothing on this site identifies a case, a sentenced person or a judge.
§ 10Provenance
Source: United States Sentencing Commission, Individual Offender Datafiles, fiscal years 2018–2025 (US government works), aggregated by this site; the FY2025 file is dated 29 Apr 2026. District identified by the Commission's CIRCDIST code 03. Counts below 10 are hidden or pooled. Errors in this site's processing are corrected at the next build; see corrections. Methodology · Corrections.