Guidelines Manual, Chapter TwoFY2018–FY2025
§2E1.1
Unlawful conduct relating to racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations · 0.1% of federal cases · Guidelines Manual
The datafile contains cases reported to the Commission with sentencing documents. Sentence length statistics use the Commission's capped variable (sentences of 470 months or longer, including life, are recorded as 470 months) and exclude sentences of probation or a fine only. Figures are aggregates of past cases and are not a prediction for any case.
§ 1Length of prison terms
Interquartile range 15–41 months; mean 31. 0 cases at the 470-month cap.
§ 2Summary
§2E1.1 (unlawful conduct relating to racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations) was the primary guideline in 387 cases sentenced across 8 fiscal years (FY2018–FY2025), 0.1% of all cases, with 10 in FY2025. The Commission classes most of them as extortion/racketeering.
The median prison term under §2E1.1 was 27 months (2 yr 3 mo) (all cases nationally: 24 months); 93% of cases carried a prison term.
41% of sentences were within the guideline range. Of the rest, 26% were below the range on a government motion, 26% below it for other reasons and 7% above it. The departure and variance table below uses the Commission's nine SENTRNGE categories.
FY2025 had fewer cases than FY2018 (10 against 142). The median prison term was about the same in FY2025 as in FY2018.
§ 3Departures and variances
Within guideline range 41%Above range 7%Below range, government sponsored 26%Below range, other 26%Not determinable 0
| Commission category (SENTRNGE) | Cases | Share | All cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| Within range | 160 | 41.3% | 47.4% |
| Upward departure | <10 | — | 0.5% |
| Above-range variance | 21 | 5.4% | 2.6% |
| §5K1.1 substantial assistance | 55 | 14.2% | 9.5% |
| §5K3.1 early disposition | <10 | — | 9.2% |
| Government-sponsored departure | 12 | 3.1% | 1.9% |
| Government-sponsored variance | 34 | 8.8% | 8.0% |
| Downward departure | 14 | 3.6% | 2.1% |
| Below-range variance | 86 | 22.2% | 18.8% |
| Missing or indeterminable | 0 | — | — |
Shares are of cases with a determinable range status. Departures cite a provision of the Guidelines Manual; variances rest on the statutory sentencing factors (18 U.S.C. §3553(a)) after United States v. Booker.
§ 4Cases by fiscal year
| Fiscal year | Cases | Prison | Median months | Within range | Below, gov. | Below, other | Above |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2018 | 142 | — | 28 | 51% | 22% | 21% | — |
| FY2019 | 62 | — | 33 | 48% | 27% | — | — |
| FY2020 | 25 | — | 30 | — | — | — | — |
| FY2021 | 31 | — | 24 | 42% | — | 39% | 0% |
| FY2022 | 48 | — | 24 | 33% | 33% | 29% | — |
| FY2023 | 47 | — | 24 | 28% | 28% | 40% | — |
| FY2024 | 22 | — | 24 | — | 46% | — | — |
| FY2025 | 10 | 100% | 26 | — | — | — | 0% |
§ 5Offence types the Commission assigns
| Primary offence type | Cases | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Extortion/Racketeering | 387 | 100.0% |
§ 6Districts with the most cases
| District | Cases | Prison | Median months | Within range | Below, gov. | Below, other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District of Maryland D. Md. | 110 | — | 30 | 48% | 29% | 15% |
| Western District of North Carolina W.D.N.C. | 54 | 100% | 33 | 91% | — | — |
| District of Massachusetts D. Mass. | 39 | 100% | 21 | — | 33% | 44% |
| Central District of California C.D. Cal. | 33 | — | 24 | — | 33% | 39% |
| Southern District of New York S.D.N.Y. | 26 | — | 24 | — | — | 58% |
| District of Puerto Rico D.P.R. | 19 | — | 20 | — | — | — |
| Eastern District of New York E.D.N.Y. | 13 | — | 25 | — | — | — |
| Southern District of California S.D. Cal. | 13 | — | 36 | — | — | — |
| Northern District of California N.D. Cal. | 10 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Eastern District of Michigan E.D. Mich. | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| Northern District of Ohio N.D. Ohio | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| Northern District of Georgia N.D. Ga. | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| District of South Carolina D.S.C. | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| Northern District of West Virginia N.D.W. Va. | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| Western District of Tennessee W.D. Tenn. | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| Northern District of Illinois N.D. Ill. | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| District of New Mexico D.N.M. | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| Western District of New York W.D.N.Y. | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| District of New Jersey D.N.J. | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| Western District of Louisiana W.D. La. | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
By circuit
| Circuit | Cases | Prison | Median months | Within range | Below, gov. | Below, other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District of Columbia Circuit | 0 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| First Circuit | 59 | — | 21 | 19% | 32% | 42% |
| Second Circuit | 42 | — | 24 | 26% | — | 50% |
| Third Circuit | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| Fourth Circuit | 177 | — | 30 | 60% | 21% | 13% |
| Fifth Circuit | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| Sixth Circuit | 24 | 100% | 29 | 50% | — | — |
| Seventh Circuit | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| Eighth Circuit | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| Ninth Circuit | 57 | — | 24 | 21% | 30% | 40% |
| Tenth Circuit | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
| Eleventh Circuit | <10 | fewer than 10 cases | ||||
§ 7Questions and answers
What is §2E1.1?
Section 2E1.1 of the Guidelines Manual: unlawful conduct relating to racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations. On this site a case is counted under a guideline when the Commission records it as the primary guideline (GDLINEHI) applied at sentencing.
What is the typical sentence under §2E1.1?
The median prison term over FY2018–FY2025 was 27 months (2 yr 3 mo), with the middle half between 15 and 41 months.
How often do sentences under §2E1.1 depart or vary from the range?
59% of sentences were outside the guideline range. Substantial-assistance motions under §5K1.1 accounted for 14% and below-range variances for 22%.
Which districts see the most §2E1.1 cases?
the District of Maryland (110), the Western District of North Carolina (54) and the District of Massachusetts (39).
§ 8Provenance
Source: United States Sentencing Commission, Individual Offender Datafiles, fiscal years 2018–2025 (US government works), aggregated by this site; the FY2025 file is dated 29 Apr 2026. Guideline is the Commission's GDLINEHI field (primary guideline applied). Counts below 10 are hidden or pooled. Errors in this site's processing are corrected at the next build; see corrections. Methodology.