W.D. Tex. · ImmigrationFY2018–FY2025
Districts › Western District of Texas
Immigration in the Western District of Texas
W.D. Tex. · Fifth Circuit · Immigration nationally
The datafile contains cases reported to the Commission with sentencing documents. Sentence length statistics use the Commission's capped variable (sentences of 470 months or longer, including life, are recorded as 470 months) and exclude sentences of probation or a fine only. Figures are aggregates of past cases and are not a prediction for any case.
§ 1Length of prison terms
Interquartile range 3–16 months; mean 12. <10 cases at the Commission's 470-month cap (life or longer).
§ 2Summary
Immigration was the primary offence type in 47,681 cases sentenced in the Western District of Texas between FY2018 and FY2025 (75% of the district's cases), with 7,909 in FY2025.
The median prison term was 7 months, longer than the national median for immigration offences (6 months) and close to the Fifth Circuit median (8). Half of prison terms fell between 3 and 16 months; 92% of cases carried a prison term.
84% of these sentences were within the guideline range (nationally for this offence type: 62%); 3% were below the range on a government motion and 7% below it for other reasons.
FY2025 had more cases than FY2018 (7,909 against 5,835). The median prison term in FY2025 (7 months) was longer than in FY2018 (6 months).
These are aggregates of past cases. The guideline range for any case depends on its offence level, criminal history and statutory minimums, and the sentence on the court's findings; no figure here estimates an outcome.
§ 3Position relative to the guideline range
Within guideline range 84%Above range 6%Below range, government sponsored 3%Below range, other 7%Not determinable 154
§ 4Compared with the district, the circuit and the nation
| Measure | W.D. Tex., immigration | W.D. Tex., all offences | 5th Cir., immigration | US, immigration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases per fiscal year | 5,960 | 7,955 | 11,933 | 22,153 |
| Share of district caseload | 74.9% | 100% | — | — |
| Median prison months | 7 | 10 | 8 | 6 |
| Mean prison months | 12 | 24 | — | 11 |
| Cases with a prison term | 92% | 92% | 95% | 95% |
| Within guideline range | 84% | 78% | 73% | 62% |
| Above range | 6% | 6% | 4% | 3% |
| Below range, government sponsored | 3% | 6% | 10% | 25% |
| Below range, other | 7% | 10% | 13% | 11% |
| Median final offence level | 8 | 10 | — | 10 |
§ 5Trend by fiscal year
| Fiscal year | Cases | Prison | Median months | Within range | Below, gov. | Below, other | Above |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2018 | 5,835 | 87% | 6 | 85% | 5% | 7% | 3% |
| FY2019 | 7,485 | 90% | 5 | 87% | 4% | 7% | 2% |
| FY2020 | 6,689 | 91% | 5 | 83% | 4% | 11% | 2% |
| FY2021 | 3,454 | 93% | 12 | 83% | 4% | 11% | 2% |
| FY2022 | 4,157 | 95% | 11 | 86% | 3% | 8% | 3% |
| FY2023 | 5,640 | 96% | 12 | 84% | 2% | 7% | 7% |
| FY2024 | 6,512 | 91% | 9 | 84% | 1% | 5% | 10% |
| FY2025 | 7,909 | 93% | 7 | 78% | 1% | 4% | 18% |
§ 6Criminal history
Share of cases at each final criminal history category; grey figure: immigration offences nationally.
§ 7Guidelines applied
- §2L1.2 Unlawfully entering or remaining in the United States · 36,486 cases in the district (all offence types)
- §2L1.1 Smuggling, transporting or harboring an unlawful alien · 8,540 cases in the district (all offence types)
- §2L2.2 Fraudulently acquiring documents relating to naturalization or citizenship · 2,360 cases in the district (all offence types)
- §none · 1,767 cases in the district (all offence types)
- §2L2.1 Trafficking in a document relating to naturalization or citizenship · 29 cases in the district (all offence types)
- §2X3.1 Accessory after the fact · 11 cases in the district (all offence types)
Primary guidelines the Commission associates with this offence type, with the district's caseload under each across all offence types.
§ 8Questions and answers
What is the typical sentence for immigration offences in the Western District of Texas?
The median prison term over FY2018–FY2025 was 7 months, with the middle half of terms between 3 and 16 months. 92% of cases carried a prison term. The national median for immigration offences is 6 months.
How often are immigration offences sentenced below the guideline range here?
3% of sentences were below the range on a government motion and 7% below it for other reasons; 84% were within the range. The Commission's categories are explained in the guide to how the guidelines work.
How does this compare with the rest of the country?
Nationally, immigration offences had a median prison term of 6 months and a within-range share of 62% over the same period. The district's figures are above on median term and higher than the national within-range share.
Which guidelines are involved?
The most common primary guidelines for these cases are §2L1.2, §2L1.1 and §2L2.2.
Is this a prediction for a particular case?
No. The figures are aggregates of sentences already imposed, as recorded by the US Sentencing Commission. They are not legal advice and do not estimate the outcome of any case.
§ 9Other offence types in the Western District of Texas
- Drug Trafficking 8,065
- Firearms 2,183
- Other 1,717
- Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 1,333
- National Defense 427
- Administration of Justice 356
- Money Launder 284
- Child Pornography 282
- Prison Offenses 213
- Sex Abuse 213
- Assault 163
- Drug Possession 146
§ 10Provenance
Source: United States Sentencing Commission, Individual Offender Datafiles, fiscal years 2018–2025 (US government works), aggregated by this site; the FY2025 file is dated 29 Apr 2026. Offence type is the Commission's OFFGUIDE code 17; district is CIRCDIST 36. Counts below 10 are hidden or pooled. Errors in this site's processing are corrected at the next build; see corrections. Methodology.